Applications细胞激活剂──钙离子载体离子霉素Ionomycin&佛波肉荳蔻醋酸PMA
离子霉素(Ionomycin),一种来源于Streptomyces conglobatus的聚醚类窄谱抗生素,是一种有效的钙离子载体,高度选择性结合钙离子,也能转运其他离子,但亲和力相对较低(Ca2+ >Mg2+ >>Sr2+=Ba2+)。Ionomycin通过直接刺激钙池调控钙内流,提高胞内钙离子水平。Ionomycin常用的有效浓度为:1-10 μM。
离子霉素(Ionomycin),一种来源于Streptomyces conglobatus的聚醚类窄谱抗生素,是一种有效的钙离子载体,高度选择性结合钙离子,也能转运其他离子,但亲和力相对较低(Ca2+>Mg2+>>Sr2+=Ba2+)。Ionomycin通过直接刺激钙池调控钙内流,提高胞内钙离子水平。Ionomycin常用的有效浓度为:1-10 μM。

图1.离子霉素游离酸分子结构式(CAS NO: 56092-82-0)

图2.离子霉素钙盐分子结构式(CAS NO: 56092-82-1)
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(佛波肉豆蔻醋酸),简称为PMA,一种广泛用于体内外实验的佛波酯(phorbol ester )类PKC激活剂,PMA可抑制Fas诱导的细胞凋亡,同时又可诱导HL-60细胞的周亡发生。PMA是一种强效的肿瘤促进剂能够诱导小鼠皮肤瘤生成。常常与离子霉素Ionomycin联合刺激多种免疫细胞,以产生细胞因子。同时也与蛋白转运抑制剂如布雷非德菌素A (Brefeldin A)、莫能霉素(Monensin)联合使用抑制细胞因子外分泌,保留在细胞内以准确分析细胞因子表达水平。PMA推荐使用浓度为0.1-10 μM。

图3.PMA分子结构式(CAS NO: 16561-29-8)
在细胞内,Protein kinase C (PKC)的激活,可以引起下游众多蛋白激酶的磷酸化,形成级联反应,导致多种蛋白的表达,进而引起细胞的活化。PKC可以在DAG(二脂酰甘油)和Ca2+共同作用下被激活。Ionomycin常与PKC激活剂PMA联用,刺激免疫细胞活化,同时也加入蛋白转运抑制剂(通常是Monensin或Brefeldin A)阻止高尔基体将新分泌蛋白运输到细胞外,以增强细胞内细胞因子的检测。如果是对分泌蛋白进行免疫检测(例如ELISA、蛋白免疫印迹或多重蛋白检测),则无需使用Monensin或Brefeldin A对细胞进行处理。
1、试剂准备
① Ionomycin, 0.5 mg/mL用纯乙醇配制。分装为20 μL/管,–20°C可保存6个月。
② Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA),0.1 mg/mL用DMSO配制。分装为20 μL/管,–20°C保存6个月。
2、无菌条件下从健康人的外周血中分离PBMC
① 用无菌PBS按照1:1稀释全血;
② 加入等体积的Ficoll-Paque,室温下400× g离心20-30 min;
③ 收集交界处的PBMC,加入无菌PBS,4°C下300× g 离心5 min,丢弃上清液,重复两次洗涤细胞;
④加入RPMI 1640完全培养基重悬细胞,继续培养;
3、PMA/Ionomycin刺激细胞
收集细胞计数,用新鲜培养基重悬至细胞密度为1~2×106 cells/mL,加入PMA (10 ng/mL)和Ionomycin (1 μg/mL)混匀,37 ℃ 5% CO2培养4~6h(不要超过6h)
注:根据实验需求,选择是否需要加入蛋白转运抑制剂Monensin或Brefeldin A。
4、4°C下300× g 离心5 min,去除上清,收集细胞进行流式细胞染色,检测细胞因子表达情况(如IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-α等)。
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